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Buddhism and psychology overlap in theory and in practice. Over the last century, four strands of interplay have evolved: * Descriptive phenomenology: Western and Buddhist scholars have found in Buddhist teachings a detailed introspective phenomenological psychology (particularly in the ''Abhidhamma''). * Psychotherapeutic meaning: Humanistic psychotherapists have found in Buddhism's non-dualistic approach and enlightenment experiences (such as in Zen ''kensho'') the potential for transformation, healing and finding existential meaning. A theory explaining this connection by introducing the process of initiation was published in 1993.〔(Kress, Oliver (1993). "A new approach to cognitive development: ontogenesis and the process of initiation". Evolution and Cognition 2(4): 319-332. )〕 * Clinical utility: Contemporary mental-health practitioners increasingly find ancient Buddhist practices (such as the development of mindfulness) of empirically proven therapeutic value. * Popular psychology and spirituality: Psychology has been popularized, and has become blended with spirituality to form modern spirituality. Buddhist notions form an important ingredient of this modern blend. == Buddhism's phenomenological psychology == The establishment of Buddhism predates the field of psychology by over two millennia; thus, any assessment of Buddhism in terms of psychology is necessarily a modern invention. One of the first such assessments occurred when British Indologists started translating Theravada Buddhism's ''Abhidhamma'' from Pali and Sanskrit texts. Long-term efforts to juxtapose abhidhammic psychology with Western empirical sciences have been carried out by such Vajrayana leaders as Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche and the 14th Dalai Lama. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Buddhism and psychology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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